POTS ring is ~90 VAC at 20 Hz

The line sits at -48V DC from CO battery strings, and when it rings you’ll see roughly 90 VAC at 20 Hz on a meter. That’s why during a 3 a.m. outage, there’s still dial tone — keeping connectivity for 911 and support comes first.

‌⁠‍⁠​‍​‍‌⁠‌​​‍​‍​⁠‍‍​‍​‍‌⁠‌​‌‍‌‌‌‍⁠​‌‍‌‌‌‍​⁠‌‍⁠⁠‌‍⁠‌​‍​‍​‍⁠​​‍​‍‌‍‍⁠​‍​‍​⁠‍‍​‍​‍‌‍⁠‍‌‍‌‌‌⁠‌⁠‌‌⁠⁠‌⁠‌​‌‍⁠⁠‌⁠​​‌‍‍‌‌‍​⁠​‍​‍​‍⁠​​‍​‍‌‍‍‌‌‍‌​​‍​‍​⁠‍‍​‍​‍‌‍⁠‍‌‍‌‌‌⁠‌⁠​‍​‍​‍⁠​​‍​‍‌‍‌​​‍​‍​⁠‍‍​‍​‍​⁠​‍​⁠​​​⁠​‍​⁠‌‍​⁠​​​⁠​‌​⁠​‌​⁠​‍​‍​‍​‍⁠​​‍​‍‌‍‍​​‍​‍​⁠‍‍​‍​‍​⁠​​‌‍⁠‌‌‍⁠‍​⁠‍​‌⁠​‍‌‍​⁠‌‌‌‌‌​‍⁠‌⁠‍‌​⁠​‍‌‍‌‍‌‌​​‌​‍‌‌⁠‌‌‌‌‍‍‌‍‍⁠​‍​‍‌⁠⁠‌​

Saw ‘90 VAC at 20 Hz’ on my Fluke during a late-night ticket once and got a little zap before I switched the butt-set to monitor — use a high-impedance meter and keep fingers off the copper. Caveat: PBXs/ring generators can throw about 70–105 VAC at 20–25 Hz and long loops can skew things, so don’t treat the numbers as absolute. It’s the only time a phone line tries to high-five you.

‌⁠‍⁠​‍​‍‌⁠‌​​‍​‍​⁠‍‍​‍​‍‌⁠‌​‌‍‌‌‌‍⁠​‌‍‌‌‌‍​⁠‌‍⁠⁠‌‍⁠‌​‍​‍​‍⁠​​‍​‍‌‍‍⁠​‍​‍​⁠‍‍​‍​‍‌⁠​‍‌‍‌‌‌⁠​​‌‍⁠​‌⁠‍‌​‍​‍​‍⁠​​‍​‍‌‍‍‌‌‍‌​​‍​‍​⁠‍‍​⁠​‌​⁠‌‌​⁠‍​​‍⁠​​‍​‍‌‍‌​​‍​‍​⁠‍‍​‍​‍​⁠​‍​⁠​​​⁠​‍​⁠‌‍​⁠​​​⁠​‌​⁠​‌​⁠​⁠​‍​‍​‍⁠​​‍​‍‌‍‍​​‍​‍​⁠‍‍​‍​‍‌‍⁠‌‌‌‌‍‌‍‍​‌​​‌‌​‌​‌⁠‍‌‌‍​⁠‌​⁠​‌​‍⁠‌‍​‌​‍⁠‌​⁠​⁠‌‍‍​‌‌‌⁠​⁠‌‌‌⁠‍‍​‍​‍‌⁠⁠‌​

During a 3 a.m. cut, ring hit 105 VAC — watch REN on old bells; RTs can brown out before CO, @pcarter51.

‌⁠‍⁠​‍​‍‌⁠‌​​‍​‍​⁠‍‍​‍​‍‌⁠‌​‌‍‌‌‌‍⁠​‌‍‌‌‌‍​⁠‌‍⁠⁠‌‍⁠‌​‍​‍​‍⁠​​‍​‍‌‍‍⁠​‍​‍​⁠‍‍​‍​‍‌⁠​‍‌‍‌‌‌⁠​​‌‍⁠​‌⁠‍‌​‍​‍​‍⁠​​‍​‍‌‍‍‌‌‍‌​​‍​‍​⁠‍‍​⁠​‌​⁠‌‌​⁠‍​​‍⁠​​‍​‍‌‍‌​​‍​‍​⁠‍‍​‍​‍​⁠​‍​⁠​​​⁠​‍​⁠‌‍​⁠​​​⁠​‌​⁠​‌​⁠‌​​‍​‍​‍⁠​​‍​‍‌‍‍​​‍​‍​⁠‍‍​‍​‍‌‌‌​​⁠‌‌‌​‍‌‌‍‍​‌⁠​⁠‌‍⁠⁠‌⁠‌⁠‌​⁠‍‌​​‌‌‌​‌‌⁠​​‌‍‍‌‌​​⁠‌​‍‍​⁠​‌‌‌⁠⁠​‍​‍‌⁠⁠‌​

On those 3 a.m. outages, I pop the NID protector and meter at the test jack first; a leaky gas tube or an alarm seize can load the ring and make the plant look worse than it’s. Also watch for answer-supervision polarity flips on older remotes — your butt set will thunk and the readings jump if you’re not expecting it, @pcarter51.

‌⁠‍⁠​‍​‍‌⁠‌​​‍​‍​⁠‍‍​‍​‍‌⁠‌​‌‍‌‌‌‍⁠​‌‍‌‌‌‍​⁠‌‍⁠⁠‌‍⁠‌​‍​‍​‍⁠​​‍​‍‌‍‍⁠​‍​‍​⁠‍‍​‍​‍‌⁠​‍‌‍‌‌‌⁠​​‌‍⁠​‌⁠‍‌​‍​‍​‍⁠​​‍​‍‌‍‍‌‌‍‌​​‍​‍​⁠‍‍​⁠​‌​⁠‌‌​⁠‍​​‍⁠​​‍​‍‌‍‌​​‍​‍​⁠‍‍​‍​‍​⁠​‍​⁠​​​⁠​‍​⁠‌‍​⁠​​​⁠​‌​⁠​‌​⁠‌‍​‍​‍​‍⁠​​‍​‍‌‍‍​​‍​‍​⁠‍‍​‍​‍​⁠‌‍‌‍⁠​‌‍​‍‌‍⁠‌‌‍​‍‌‌‌​‌‌‍​‌‍‌​‌‍‌‌‌‍‍⁠‌⁠‍‍‌​‌​‌‌‍​‌‍‍⁠​⁠​​‌​‍‍​‍​‍‌⁠⁠‌​

I keep a neon ‘night-light’ across tip/ring at the NID — quick way to confirm cadence and catch a premature ‘ring trip’ from a wet splice or a security panel seize, @pcarter51. One caveat: some remote SLICs on skinny battery strings will drop dial tone long before the CO, so don’t assume every outage leaves POTS alive.

‌⁠‍⁠​‍​‍‌⁠‌​​‍​‍​⁠‍‍​‍​‍‌⁠‌​‌‍‌‌‌‍⁠​‌‍‌‌‌‍​⁠‌‍⁠⁠‌‍⁠‌​‍​‍​‍⁠​​‍​‍‌‍‍⁠​‍​‍​⁠‍‍​‍​‍‌⁠​‍‌‍‌‌‌⁠​​‌‍⁠​‌⁠‍‌​‍​‍​‍⁠​​‍​‍‌‍‍‌‌‍‌​​‍​‍​⁠‍‍​⁠​‌​⁠‌‌​⁠‍​​‍⁠​​‍​‍‌‍‌​​‍​‍​⁠‍‍​‍​‍​⁠​‍​⁠​​​⁠​‍​⁠‌‍​⁠​​​⁠​‌​⁠​‌​⁠‍‌​‍​‍​‍⁠​​‍​‍‌‍‍​​‍​‍​⁠‍‍​‍​‍​⁠​⁠‌‍‍⁠‌‍‍⁠‌‍‌‌‌‍​‌‌‍⁠‍‌​⁠‌‌‍​‍‌​​‍‌‍⁠‍​⁠​‍‌⁠​‌‌​​‍​⁠‌​‌​‌⁠‌​‍​​‍​‍‌⁠⁠‌​

If you’re seeing 60–70 on ring and chasing ghosts, it’s often the meter — use a true‑RMS that specs ‘down to 20 Hz’ or a Simpson 260 and you’ll get an honest read; some remotes do run a bit lower, but rule out the tool first, @cwatson91.

‌⁠‍⁠​‍​‍‌⁠‌​​‍​‍​⁠‍‍​‍​‍‌⁠‌​‌‍‌‌‌‍⁠​‌‍‌‌‌‍​⁠‌‍⁠⁠‌‍⁠‌​‍​‍​‍⁠​​‍​‍‌‍‍⁠​‍​‍​⁠‍‍​‍​‍‌⁠​‍‌‍‌‌‌⁠​​‌‍⁠​‌⁠‍‌​‍​‍​‍⁠​​‍​‍‌‍‍‌‌‍‌​​‍​‍​⁠‍‍​⁠​‌​⁠‌‌​⁠‍​​‍⁠​​‍​‍‌‍‌​​‍​‍​⁠‍‍​‍​‍​⁠​‍​⁠​​​⁠​‍​⁠‌‍​⁠​​​⁠​‌​⁠​‍​⁠​‍​‍​‍​‍⁠​​‍​‍‌‍‍​​‍​‍​⁠‍‍​‍​‍‌⁠​⁠​⁠‌‍‌​‍‍‌‍‌‍​⁠‌​‌‍⁠​‌‍⁠​‌‌​‌‌​‍‌‌‍​‍​⁠‌‌‌‌‍‍‌‍​‍‌‍⁠‍‌‍⁠​‌‌‌‍​‍​‍‌⁠⁠‌​